ibn al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with both of them. As for the adult, sane virgin, there are two narrations from Ahmad. One of them is that he has the right to compel her into marriage and marry her off without her permission, just like the minor. This is the school of thought of Malik, Ibn Abi Layla, al-Shafi'i, and Ishaq. The second is that he does not have that right, which is the opinion chosen by Abu Bakr. This is the school of thought of al-Awza'i, al-Thawri, Abu Ubayd, Abu Thawr, the People of Opinion (Ashab al-Ra'y), and Ibn al-Mundhir, based on what Abu Hurayrah reported: that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The previously-married woman (ayyim) may not be married until she is consulted, and the virgin may not be married until her permission is sought" (5). They said: "O Messenger of Allah, how is her permission given?" He replied: "That she remains silent." Agreed upon (6). Abu Dawud (7) and Ibn Majah reported from Ibn Abbas that a virgin girl came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and mentioned that her father had married her off while she was reluctant, so the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) gave her the choice (8). And because she is competent in the disposal of her property, it is not permitted to compel her, just like the previously-married woman and the man (9). The basis for the first narration is what was narrated from (10) Ibn Abbas, who said: The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: "The previously-married woman (ayyim) has more right to her own self than her guardian, and the virgin's permission is to be sought (11), and her permission is her silence." Recorded by [Muslim and] (12)
(5) In the original and B: "ta'dhan" (she permits). (6) Recorded by al-Bukhari, in: The Chapter on the father and others not marrying off a virgin or a previously-married woman except with her consent, from the Book of Marriage, and in: The Chapter on Marriage, from the Book of Legal Stratagems. Sahih al-Bukhari 7/23, 9/32. And Muslim, in: The Chapter on seeking the permission of a previously-married woman for marriage by speech..., from the Book of Marriage. Sahih Muslim 2/1036, 1037. It was also recorded by Abu Dawud, in: The Chapter on Consultation, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Abi Dawud 1/482. Al-Nasa'i, in: The Chapter on the virgin's permission, from the Book of Marriage. al-Mujtaba 6/71. Al-Tirmidhi, in: The Chapter on what has been reported regarding consulting a virgin and a previously-married woman, from the chapters on marriage. Aridat al-Ahwadhi 5/23. Ibn Majah, in: The Chapter on consulting a virgin and a previously-married woman, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan Ibn Majah 1/602. Al-Darimi, in: The Chapter on consulting a virgin and a previously-married woman, from the Book of Marriage. Sunan al-Darimi 2/138. And Imam Ahmad, in: al-Musnad 2/250, 279, 425, 434. (7) In the original, there is an addition: "in his Sunan". (8) Its verification has previously appeared on page 379. (9) Omitted from: The original. (10) Omitted from: A, B. (11) In the original and A: "tusta'mar" (she is consulted). (12) Omitted from: The original, A, B.
ابن الخَطابِ، رَضِىَ اللَّهُ عنهما. وأمَّا البِكْرُ البالغةُ العاقلةُ، فعن أحمدَ روايتان؛ إحداهما، له إجْبارُها على النكاحِ، وتَزْوِيجُها بغيرِ إذْنِها، كالصغيرةِ. وهذا مذهبُ مالكٍ، وابنِ أبى لَيْلَى، والشافعىِّ، وإسحاقَ. والثانية، ليس له ذلك، اختارها أبو بكرٍ. وهو مذهبُ الأوْزاعىِّ، والثَّوْرِىِّ، وأبى عُبَيْدٍ، وأبى ثَوْرٍ، وأصْحابِ الرَّأْىِ، وابنِ المُنْذِرِ؛ لما رَوَى أبو هُرَيْرةَ، أَنَّ النَّبِىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- قال: "لَا تُنْكَحُ الأَيِّمُ حَتَّى تُسْتَأْمَرَ، ولا تُنْكَحُ البِكْرُ حتى تُسْتَأْذَنَ (٥) ". فقالوا: يا رسولَ اللَّه، فكيف إذْنُها؟ قال: "أنْ تَسْكُتَ". متفقٌ عليه (٦). وروَى أبو داودَ (٧)، وابنُ ماجَه، عن ابنِ عباسٍ، أَنَّ جاريةً بكْرًا، أتتِ النبىَّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فذَكَرَتْ أن أباها زَوجها وهى كارِهة، فخيَّرها النَّبِىُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- (٨). ولأنَّها جائِزَةُ التَّصَرُّفِ فى مالِها، فلم يَجُزْ إجْبارُها، كالثَّيِّبِ، والرَّجُلِ (٩). ووَجْهُ الرِّوايةِ الأولَى، ما رُوِىَ عن (١٠) ابنِ عباسٍ، قال: قال رسولُ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "الأَيِّمُ أحَقُّ بنَفْسِها مِنْ وَلِيِّها، والبِكْرُ تُسْتَأْذَنُ (١١)، وإذْنُها صُمَاتُها". روَاه [مسلمٌ و] (١٢)
(٥) فى الأصل، ب: "تأذن".(٦) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب لا ينكح الأب وغيره البكر والثيب إلا برضاها، من كتاب النكاح، وفى: باب فى النكاح، من كتاب الحيل. صحيح البخارى ٧/ ٢٣، ٩/ ٣٢. ومسلم، فى: باب استئذان الثيب فى النكاح بالنطق. . .، من كتاب النكاح. صحيح مسلم ٢/ ١٠٣٦، ١٠٣٧.كما أخرجه أبو داود، فى: باب فى الاستئمار، من كتاب النكاح. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٨٢. والنسائى، فى: باب إذن البكر، من كتاب النكاح. المجتبى ٦/ ٧١. والترمذى، فى: باب ما جاء فى استئمار البكر والثيب، من أبواب النكاح. عارضة الأحوذى ٥/ ٢٣. وابن ماجه، فى: باب استئمار البكر والثيب، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٠٢. والدارمى، فى: باب استئمار البكر والثيب، من كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٣٨. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٢/ ٢٥٠، ٢٧٩، ٤٢٥، ٤٣٤.(٧) فى الأصل زيادة: "فى سننه".(٨) تقدم تخريجه فى صفحة ٣٧٩.(٩) سقط من: الأصل.(١٠) سقط من: أ، ب.(١١) فى الأصل، أ: "تستأمر".(١٢) سقط من: الأصل، أ، ب.
