1121 - Issue: He said: (And if he marries off his daughter who has been previously married [thayyib] without her permission, the marriage is void, even if she consents afterwards.)
The summary of this matter is that [the thayyib is divided into] (1) two categories: an adult and a minor. As for the adult, it is not permissible for the father [nor anyone else] (2) to marry her off except (3) with her permission, according to the opinion of the generality of the scholars, except for al-Hasan, who said: He may marry her off even if she dislikes it. Al-Nakha'i said: He may marry off his daughter if she is under his maintenance; if she is independent in her own house with her dependents, he must ask for her permission. Isma'il ibn Ishaq said: I do not know of anyone who stated regarding the daughter an opinion like that of al-Hasan, and it is an anomalous (shadh) opinion, in which he contradicted the scholars and the established Sunnah (4). For al-Khansa' bint Khidham (5) al-Ansariyyah narrated that her father married her off while she was a thayyib, and she disliked that. She went to the Messenger of God (peace be upon him), and he annulled the marriage. This was recorded by al-Bukhari and all the Imams (6). Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: There is consensus (7) on the authenticity of this hadith and on adopting it; we do not know of anyone who contradicted it except al-Hasan. Al-Khansa' was from the people of Quba', and she was married to Unays ibn Qatadah, who was killed at the Battle of Uhud. Her father then married her to a man from the Banu 'Amr ibn 'Awf, and she disliked it and complained about that to the Messenger of God (peace be upon him), who annulled her marriage. She then married Abu Lubabah ibn 'Abd al-Mundhir. Abu Hurayrah narrated that the Messenger of God (peace be upon him)
(1) In M: "the daughter is divided". (2) In A and M: "nor anyone else". (3) In the original: "without". (4) Omitted from M. (5) It is also narrated as "Khuddam". See: 'Awn al-Ma'bud Sharh Sunan Abi Dawud 2/197. (6) Recorded by al-Bukhari in: The Chapter on the Prohibition of Marriage by Compulsion..., from the Book of Compulsion (Sahih al-Bukhari 9/26); Abu Dawud in: The Chapter on the Previously Married Woman, from the Book of Marriage (Sunan Abi Dawud 1/484); Ibn Majah in: The Chapter on the One Who Marries Off His Daughter While She Is Unwilling, from the Book of Marriage (Sunan Ibn Majah 1/602); al-Darimi in: The Chapter on the Previously Married Woman Whose Father Marries Her Off While She Is Unwilling, from the Book of Marriage (Sunan al-Darimi 2/139); Imam Malik in: The Chapter on Comprehensive Matters Regarding Invalid Marriages, from the Book of Marriage (Al-Muwatta' 2/535); and Imam Ahmad in Musnad 6/328, 329. (7) In the original: "mujtama'" (agreed upon/consensus).
١١٢١ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَإِذَا زَوَّجَ ابْنَتَهُ الثَّيِّبَ بِغيْرِ إذْنِهَا، فَالنِّكَاحُ بَاطِلٌ، وإِنْ رَضِيَتْ بَعْدُ)
وجملةُ ذلك أَنَّ [الثَّيِّبَ تَنْقَسِمُ] (١) قِسْمَيْنِ؛ كبيرةً، وصغيرةً، فأمَّا الكبيرةُ، فلا يجوزُ للأبِ [ولا لغيْرِهِ] (٢) تَزْويجُها إلَّا (٣) بإذْنِها، فى قولِ عامَّةِ أهلِ العلمِ، إلَّا الحَسَنَ قال: له تَزْوِيجُها وإن كَرِهَتْ. والنَّخَعِىُّ قال: يُزَوِّجُ بِنْتَه إذا كانت فى عِيالِه، فإن كانتْ بائِنةً فى بَيْتِها مع عِيالِها اسْتَأْمَرَها. قال إسماعيلُ بن إسْحاقَ: لا أعْلَمُ أحدًا قال فى البِنْتِ بقول الحَسَنِ، وهو قولٌ شاذٌّ، خالَفَ فيه أهلَ العِلْمِ والسُّنَّةَ الثَّابِتَةَ (٤)، فإنَّ الخَنْساءَ ابنةَ خِذامٍ (٥) الأنْصارِيَّةَ، رَوَتْ أن أباها زَوّجَها وهى ثَيِّبٌ، فكَرِهَتْ ذلك، فأتَتْ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-، فرَدَّ نِكَاحَه. روَاه البُخارىُّ، والأئمةُ كلُّهم (٦). قال ابنُ عبدِ البَرِّ: هذا الحديثُ مُجْمَعٌ (٧) على صِحَّتِه، والقولِ به، لا نَعْلَمُ مُخالِفًا له إلَّا الحَسَنَ، وكانت الخَنْساءُ من أهلِ قُباءَ، وكانت تحت أُنَيْسِ بن قَتادةَ، فقُتِلَ عنها يوم أُحُد، فزَوَّجَها أبُوها رَجُلًا من بنى عَمْرِو بن عَوْفٍ، فكَرِهَتْه، وشَكَتْ ذلك إلى رسولِ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم- فرَدَّ نِكاحَها، ونَكَحَتْ أبا لُبابةَ بن عبد المُنذِرِ. وروى أبو هُرَيْرةَ، أنَّ رسولَ اللَّه -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-
(١) فى م: "البنت تقسم".(٢) فى أ، م: "ولغيره".(٣) فى الأصل: "بغير".(٤) سقط من: م.(٥) ويروى "خدام". انظر: عون المعبود شرح سنن أبى داود ٢/ ١٩٧.(٦) أخرجه البخارى، فى: باب لا يجوز نكاح المكره. . .، من كتاب الإكراه. صحيح البخارى ٩/ ٢٦. وأبو داود، فى: باب فى الثيب، من كتاب النكاح. سنن أبى داود ١/ ٤٨٤. وابن ماجه، فى: باب من زوج ابنته وهى كارهة، من كتاب النكاح. سنن ابن ماجه ١/ ٦٠٢. والدارمى، فى: باب الثيب يزوجها أبوها وهى كارهة، من كتاب النكاح. سنن الدارمى ٢/ ١٣٩. والإمام مالك، فى: باب جامع ما لا يجوز من النكاح، من كتاب النكاح. الموطأ ٢/ ٥٣٥. والإمام أحمد، فى: المسند ٦/ ٣٢٨، ٣٢٩.(٧) فى الأصل: "مجتمع".
