Chapter: Regarding Who Inherits Among Men and Women
1019 - Issue: He [al-Khiraqi] said: (And among the men, the son inherits, then the son's son, even if he is of lower degree, then the father, then the grandfather, even if he is of higher degree, then the brother, then the brother's son, then the paternal uncle, then the paternal uncle's son, then the husband, and the patron (mawla al-ni'ma). And among the women, the daughter, the son's daughter, the mother, the grandmother, the sister, the wife, and the female patron (mawlat al-ni'ma)).
These are those whose inheritance is unanimously agreed upon, and for most of them, their inheritance has been established by the Book and the Sunnah. The son's inheritance is established by the saying of the Almighty: "Allah instructs you concerning your children: for the male, what is equal to the share of two females" [Quran 4:11]. The son of the son is considered a son. The parents' inheritance is established by His saying, the Almighty: "And for his parents, to each one of them is a sixth" [Quran 4:11]. The grandfather may potentially be included in the meaning of His saying, the Almighty: "And for his parents," just as the son's son is included in the generality of "your children." The brother and sister through the mother have their inheritance established by His saying, the Almighty: "And if he has a brother or a sister, then for each of them is a sixth" [Quran 4:12]. The offspring of both parents and the father have their inheritance established by His saying, the Almighty: "And he inherits from her if she has no child" [Quran 4:12]. As for the son of the brother from both parents or from the father, and the paternal uncle and his son, and the paternal uncle of the father and his son, their inheritance is established by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him): "Whatever remains of the shares, it is for the nearest male relative" [Agreed upon]. Those who are not included among them are the child of the mother, the paternal uncle through the mother, his son, the maternal uncle, and the father of the mother; because they are not among the agnates (asabat). As for the manumitting patron (al-mawla al-mu'tiq) and the female patron, their inheritance is established by his saying (peace be upon him): "The right of wala' belongs to the one who emancipated" [Hadith]. And the grandmother, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) allotted her
(1) Surah An-Nisa: 11. (2) Omitted from M. (3) Surah An-Nisa: 12. (4) Surah An-Nisa: 17. (5) Its documentation (takhrij) was provided previously on page 20. (6) Its documentation (takhrij) was provided previously in: 8/359.
بابُ مَنْ يَرِثُ من الرِّجالِ والنِّساءِ
١٠١٩ - مسألة؛ قال: (وَيَرِثُ مِنَ الرِّجَالِ الابْنُ، ثُمَّ ابْنُ الابْنِ وَإنْ سَفَلَ، والأَبُ، ثُمَّ الْجَدُّ وَإِنْ عَلَا، والأَخُ، ثُمَّ ابْنُ الأَخِ، والْعَمُّ، ثُمَّ ابْنُ العَمِّ، والزَّوْجُ، وَمَوْلَى الِّنعْمَةِ. وَمِنَ النِّسَاءِ الْبِنْتُ، وَبِنْتُ الابْنِ، والأُمُّ، والْجَدَّةُ، والأُخْتُ، والزَّوْجَةُ، وَمَوْلَاةُ النِّعْمَةِ)
فهؤلاءِ مُجْمَعٌ على تَوْرِيثِهم، وأكْثَرُهم ثَبَتَ تَوْرِيثُه بِالْكِتابِ والسُّنَّةِ، فالابنُ ثَبَتَ مِيرَاثُهُ بقولِهِ تعالى: {يُوصِيكُمُ اللَّهُ فِي أَوْلَادِكُمْ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الْأُنْثَيَيْنِ} (١). وابْنُ الابْنِ ابْنٌ (٢). والأَبوَانِ ثَبَتَ مِيرَاثُهُمَا بِقَوْلِهِ تعالى: {وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ لِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ} (١). والْجَدُّ يَحْتَمِلُ أنْ يَتَنَاوَلَهُ قَوْلُه تعالى: {وَلِأَبَوَيْهِ}. كما دَخَلَ ابْنُ الابْنِ في عُمومِ: {أَوْلَادِكُمْ} (١). والأخُ والأُخْتُ مِن الأُمِّ ثَبَتَ مِيرَاثُهُما بِقَوْلِهِ تعالى: {وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ وَاحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ} (٣). ووَلَدُ الأَبَوَيْنِ، والأَبُ، ثَبَتَ إرْثُه بِقَوْلِهِ تعالى: {وَهُوَ يَرِثُهَا إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَهَا وَلَدٌ} (٤). وأمَّا ابْنُ الأَخِ لِلْأَبَوَيْنِ أَو لِلْأَبِ، والعَمُّ وابْنُه، وعَمُّ الأَبِ وابْنُه، فثَبَتَ مِيرَاثُهم بِقَوْلِ النَّبِيِّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-: "مَا أَبْقَتِ الْفُرُوضُ فَلِأَوْلَى رَجُلٍ ذَكَرٍ" (٥). ولم يَدْخُلْ فيهم وَلَدُ الأُمِّ، ولا العمُّ لِلْأُمِّ، ولا ابْنُه، ولا الخَالُ، ولا أبو الأُمِّ؛ لأنَّهم لَيْسُوا مِن العَصَبَاتِ، وأَمَّا الْمَوْلى المُعْتِقُ والمَوْلَاةُ، فثَبَتَ إِرْثُهُما بقَوْلِه عليه السَّلَامُ: "الْوَلَاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ" (٦). والْجَدَّةُ أَطْعَمَها، النَّبِيُّ -صلى اللَّه عليه وسلم-
(١) سورة النساء ١١.(٢) سقط من: م.(٣) سورة النساء ١٢.(٤) سورة النساء ١٧.(٥) تقدم تخريجه في صفحة ٢٠.(٦) تقدم تخريجه في: ٨/ ٣٥٩.
