return, then arrive in the coming year and stay in Mecca for three days, and not take with him anyone from the people of Mecca. So the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions slaughtered their sacrificial animals at al-Hudaybiyah and shaved or trimmed their hair. Then, when the following year came, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions set out until they entered Mecca in Dhu al-Qa‘dah, performed ‘Umrah, and stayed in it for three days. The polytheists had boasted against him when they blocked him on the day of al-Hudaybiyah, so Allah avenged him against them and let him enter Mecca in that same month in which they had turned him back in Dhu al-Qa‘dah. Thus, Allah said: "The sacred month for the sacred month, and violations are subject to legal retribution."
His saying: "And violations are subject to legal retribution"
1739 - My father narrated to us, al-Nufayli narrated to us, Isma‘il ibn ‘Ulayyah narrated to us, Ayyub reported to us, from ‘Ikrimah, who said: Ibn ‘Abbas said: Allah is pleased with the retribution from His servants, and He takes the aggression from you. Allah says: "The sacred month for the sacred month, and violations are subject to legal retribution," meaning a pilgrimage for a pilgrimage, and an ‘Umrah for an ‘Umrah.
His saying: "So whoever transgresses against you"
1740 - My father narrated to us, Abu Salih, the scribe of al-Layth, narrated to us, Mu‘awiyah ibn Salih narrated to me, from ‘Ali ibn Abi Talhah, from Ibn ‘Abbas, regarding His saying: "So whoever transgresses against you, then transgress against him in the same measure as he has transgressed against you." This was revealed in Mecca when the Muslims at that time were few and had no authority to overpower the polytheists, and the polytheists would assault them with insults and harm. So Allah commanded the Muslims that whoever seeks to retaliate should retaliate in the same measure as he was treated, or [if he chooses to] be patient or pardon, that is better. Then, when the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) migrated to Medina and Allah strengthened His authority, He commanded the Muslims to refer their grievances to their authority and not to transgress against one another like the people of the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah).
1741 - Abu Zur‘ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr narrated to us, ‘Abd Allah ibn Lahi‘ah narrated to me, ‘Ata’ ibn Dinar narrated to me, from Sa‘id ibn Jubayr regarding the saying of Allah: "So whoever transgresses against you," meaning: whoever fights you among the polytheists in the Sacred Precinct, then transgress against him. It was narrated from ‘Ata’, Mujahid, and Muqatil ibn Hayyan similarly to the saying of Sa‘id.
His saying: "Then transgress against him in the same measure as he has transgressed against you"
And by the same chain, from Sa‘id, regarding the saying of Allah: "Then transgress against him," he says: Fight in the Sacred Precinct in the same measure as he has transgressed against you.
(1). An addition required by the context.
يرجع ثم يقدم عاما قَابِلٍ فَيُقِيمُ بِمَكَّةَ ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ، وَلا يَخْرُجُ مَعَهُ بِأَحَدٍ مِنْ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ، فَنَحَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ الْهَدْيَ بِالْحُدَيْبِيَةِ وَحَلَقُوا أَوْ قَصَّرُوا، فَلَمَّا كَانَ عَامُ قَابِلٍ أَقْبَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، حَتَّى دَخَلُوا مَكَّةَ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ فَاعْتَمَرُوا وَأَقَامُوا بِهَا ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ. وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ قَدْ فَخَرُوا عَلَيْهِ حِينَ صَدُّوهُ يَوْمَ الْحُدَيْبِيَةِ، فَقَصَّ اللَّهُ لَهُ مِنْهُمْ، فَأَدْخَلَهُ مَكَّةَ فِي ذَلِكَ الشَّهْرِ الَّذِي رَدُّوهُ فِيهِ فِي ذِي الْقَعْدَةِ، فَقَالَ اللَّهُ: الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ.
قَوْلُهُ: وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ
١٧٣٩ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا النُّفَيْلِيُّ، ثنا إِسْمَاعِيلُ بْنُ عُلَيَّةَ أَنْبَأَ أَيُّوبُ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، قَالَ: قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ الله بِالْقِصَاصِ مِنْ عِبَادِهِ وَيَأْخُذُ مِنْكُمُ الْعُدْوَانَ قَالَ اللَّهُ:
الشَّهْرُ الْحَرَامُ بِالشَّهْرِ الْحَرَامِ وَالْحُرُمَاتُ قِصَاصٌ فَحَجَّةٌ بِحَجَّةٍ، وَعُمْرَةٌ بِعُمْرَةٍ.
قَوْلُهُ: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ
١٧٤٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، ثنا أَبُو صَالِحٍ كَاتِبُ اللَّيْثِ، حَدَّثَنِي مُعَاوِيَةُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، عَنْ عَلِيِّ بْنِ أَبِي طَلْحَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ، قَوْلُهُ: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ فَهَذَا نَزَلَ بِمَكَّةَ وَالْمُسْلِمُونَ يومَئِذٍ قَلِيلٌ لَيْسَ لَهُمْ (سُلْطَانٌ) «١» يَقْهَرُ الْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَكَانَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ يَتَعَاطَوْنَهُمْ بِالشَّتْمِ وَالأَذَى، فَأَمَرَ اللَّهُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ، مَنْ يَتَجَازَى مِنْهُمْ أَنْ يَتَجَازَى بِمِثْلِ مَا أُوتِيَ إِلَيْهِ، أَوْ يَصْبِرُ أَوْ يَعْفُو، فَهُوَ أَمْثَلُ. فَلَمَّا هَاجَرَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ، وَأَعَزَّ اللَّهُ سُلْطَانَهُ، أَمَرَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ أَنْ يَنْتَهُوا فِي مَظَالِمِهِمْ إِلَى سُلْطَانِهِمْ، وَلا يَعْتَدُوا بَعْضُهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ كَأَهْلِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ.
١٧٤١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءُ بْنُ دِينَارٍ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنُ جُبَيْرٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَمَنِ اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ يَعْنِي: فَمَنِ قَاتَلَكُمْ مِنَ الْمُشْرِكِينَ فِي الْحَرَمِ فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ. وَرُوِيَ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ وَمُجَاهِدٍ وَمُقَاتِلِ بْنِ حَيَّانَ نَحْوُ قَوْلِ سَعِيدٍ.
قَوْلُهُ: فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عَلَيْكُمْ
وَبِهِ، عَنْ سَعِيدٍ، فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: فَاعْتَدُوا عَلَيْهِ يَقُولُ: قَاتِلُوا فِي الْحَرَمِ، بِمِثْلِ مَا اعْتَدَى عليكم.
(١) . اضافة يقتضيها السياق.
