18619 - From Muqatil regarding his saying: "And do not backbite one another," he said: This verse was revealed concerning a man who was serving the Prophet (may Allah bless him and grant him peace). Some of the Companions sent him to ask him for a condiment, but he refused, so they said about him: "He is indeed a miserly, pampered man," and this was revealed concerning that.(1)
His saying, the Almighty: "O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female."
18620 - From Ibn Abi Mulaykah, he said: On the day of the Conquest [of Makkah], Bilal climbed up and gave the Adhan atop the Ka'bah. Some people said: "This black slave is giving the Adhan on the roof of the Ka'bah?" And some of them said: "If Allah were displeased with this, He would change it." Then [the verse] "O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female" was revealed.(2)
His saying, the Almighty: "And We made you peoples and tribes."
18621 - From Ibn 'Abbas, he said: The "peoples" (shu'ub) are the large groups, and the "tribes" (qaba'il) are the sub-tribes (afkhadh) by which they identify one another.(3)
18622 - Rabi' ibn Sulayman told us, Asad ibn Musa told us, Yahya ibn Zakariyya al-Qattan told us, Musa ibn 'Ubaydah told us, from 'Ubayd Allah ibn Dinar, from Ibn 'Umar, who said: The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) circled [the Ka'bah] on the day of the Conquest of Makkah on his she-camel, al-Qaswa', touching the corners with a staff in his hand. He did not find a place for it to kneel in the mosque until he descended (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) at the hands of the men, and he took it out to the bottom of the valley (masil) where it was made to kneel. Then the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) addressed them while on his mount. He praised Allah and lauded Him as He deserves, then said: "O people, Allah has removed from you the arrogance of the Jahiliyyah and its exaltation of forefathers. People are of two types: a righteous, God-fearing person who is noble before Allah, and a wicked, wretched person who is insignificant before Allah. Indeed, Allah says: 'O mankind, indeed We have created you from male and female and made you peoples and tribes that you may know one another. Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allah is the most righteous of you. Indeed, Allah is Knowing and Acquainted.' Then he said: 'I say this statement of mine and ask forgiveness of Allah for myself and for you.'"(4)
His saying, the Almighty: "They consider it a favor to you that they have accepted Islam."
18623 - From al-Hasan, he said: When Makkah was conquered, people came and said: "O Messenger of Allah, we have accepted Islam, and we will not fight you as the tribe of so-and-so fought you," so Allah revealed: "They consider it a favor to you that they have accepted Islam."(5)
(1) Al-Durr 7/570. (2) Al-Durr 7/578-579. (3) Al-Durr 7/578-579. (4) Ibn Kathir 7/366 and al-Durr 7/578. (5) Al-Durr 7/585.
١٨٦١٩ - عَنْ مُقَاتِلٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَلا يَغْتَبْ بَعْضُكُمْ بَعْضًا قَالَ: نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ فِي رَجُلٍ كَانَ يَخْدِمُ النَّبِيَّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- أَرْسَلَ بَعْضُ الصَّحَابَةِ إِلَيْهِ يَطْلُبُ مِنْهُ إِدَامًا فَمَنَعَ فقالوا له: إنه لبخيل رَخِيمٌ فَنَزَلَتْ فِي ذَلِكَ «١» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى
١٨٦٢٠ - عَنِ ابْنِ أبي مُلَيْكَةَ قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَ يَوْمُ الْفَتْحِ رَقَى بِلالٌ فَأَذَّنَ عَلَى الْكَعْبَةِ فَقَالَ بَعْضُ النَّاسِ: هَذَا الْعَبْدُ الْأَسْوَدُ يُؤَذِّنُ عَلَى ظَهْرِ الْكَعْبَةِ، وَقَالَ بَعْضُهُمْ: إِنْ يَسْخَطِ اللَّهُ هَذَا يُغَيَّرْهُ فَنَزَلَتْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى الآية «٢» .
قوله تعالى: وجعلناكم شعوبًا وقبائل
١٨٦٢١ - عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: الشُّعُوبُ الْجُمَاعُ، وَالْقَبَائِلُ الْأَفْخَاذُ الَّتِي يَتَعَارَفُونَ بِهَا «٣» .
١٨٦٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا الرَبِيعُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَسَدُ بْنُ مُوسَى، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بِنُ زَكَرِيَّا الْقَطَّانُ حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ عُبَيْدَةَ، عن عبيد اللَّهِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ قَالَ: طَافَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْه وَسَلَّمَ- يَوْمَ فَتْحِ مَكَّةَ عَلَى نَاقَتِهِ الْقَصْوَاءِ يَسْتَلِمُ الْأَرْكَانَ بِمِحْجَنٍ فِي يَدِهِ، فَمَا وَجَدَ لَهَا مَنَاخًا فِي الْمَسْجِدِ حَتَّى نَزَلَ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- عَلَى أَيْدِي الرِّجَالِ فَخَرَجَ بِهَا إِلَى بَطْنِ الْمَسِيلِ فَأُنِيخَتْ ثُمَّ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- خَطَبَهُمْ عَلَى رَاحِلَةٍ فَحَمِدَ اللَّهَ وَأَثْنَى عَلَيْهِ بِمَا هُوَ لَهُ أَهَلٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ: «يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ، إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ أَذْهَبَ عَنْكُمْ حَمِّيَّةَ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ وتعظيمها بِآبَائِهَا فَالنَّاسُ رَجُلانِ: رَجُلٌ بَرٌّ تَقِيٌّ كَرِيمٌ عَلَي اللَّهِ وَفَاجِرٌ شَقِيٌّ هَيِّنٌ عَلَى اللَّهِ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَى وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَقُولُ قَوْلِي هَذَا وَأَسْتَغْفِرُ اللَّهَ لِي وَلَكُمْ» «٤» .
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: يَمُنُّونَ عَلَيْكَ أَنْ أَسْلَمُوا
١٨٦٢٣ - عَنِ الْحَسَنِ قَالَ: لَمَّا فُتِحَتْ مَكَّةُ جَاءَ نَاسٌ فَقَالُوا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ: إِنَّا قَدْ أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَنْ نُقَاتِلَكَ كَمَا قَاتَلَكَ بَنُو فُلانٍ، فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ: يَمُنُّونَ عليك أن أسلموا «٥» .
(١) الدر ٧/ ٥٧٠.(٢) الدر ٧/ ٥٧٨- ٥٧٩.(٣) الدر ٧/ ٥٧٨- ٥٧٩.(٤) ابن كثير ٧/ ٣٦٦- والدر ٧/ ٥٧٨.(٥) الدر ٧/ ٥٨٥.
