تفسير ابن أبي حاتم — قوله تعالى قد علمنا ما فرضنا عليهم

مجلد 10 · صفحة 4قوله تعالى قد علمنا ما فرضنا عليهم

الترجمة · EN

17728 - My father narrated to us, Mansur ibn Abi Muzahim narrated to us, Ibn Abi al-Waddah—meaning Muhammad ibn Muslim—narrated to me, from Hisham ibn Urwa, from his father, from Aisha, who said: The one who gave herself to the Prophet (peace be upon him) was Khawla bint Hakim. (1)

17729 - Ali ibn al-Husayn narrated to me, Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Ju'fi narrated to me, Yunus ibn Bukayr narrated to us, from Anbasa ibn al-Azhar, from Simak, from Ikrimah, from Ibn Abbas, who said: There was no woman with the Messenger of God (peace be upon him) who gave herself to him. (2)

17730 - From al-Zuhri and Ibrahim al-Nakha'i, may God be pleased with them both, regarding His saying: "Exclusively for you, excluding the believers," they said: A gift [of oneself in marriage] is not lawful for anyone after the Messenger of God (peace be upon him). (3)

17731 - From Urwa, may God be pleased with him, who said: We used to discuss that Umm Sharik, may God be pleased with her, was among those who gave themselves to the Prophet (peace be upon him), and she was a righteous woman. (4)

17732 - From Ikrimah, may God be pleased with him, regarding His saying: "Exclusively for you, excluding the believers," he said: A woman who gives herself [in marriage] is not lawful for anyone other than you. If a woman were to give herself to a man, she would not be lawful for him until he gave her something [as a dowry].

17733 - From Qatada, may God be pleased with him, regarding His saying: "Exclusively for you, excluding the believers," he says: It is not for a woman to give herself to a man without a guardian (wali) and a dowry, except for the Prophet (peace be upon him), for it was exclusively for him (peace be upon him) and not for other people. They claim that it was revealed concerning Maymuna bint al-Harith; she is the one who gave herself to the Prophet (peace be upon him). (5)

The saying of the Almighty: "We have already known what We have made obligatory upon them."

17734 - From Qatada, may God be pleased with him, regarding His saying: "We have already known what We have made obligatory upon them," he said: God made it obligatory that a woman may not be married except with a guardian, a dowry, and witnesses, and a man may not marry more than four. (6)

17735 - From Mujahid, may God be pleased with him, regarding His saying: "We have already known what We have made obligatory upon them concerning their wives," he said: A man may not exceed four wives. (7)

الحواشي

(1) Ibn Kathir 6/435-436. (2) Ibn Kathir 6/435-436. (3) al-Durr 6/630. (4) al-Durr 6/630. (5) al-Durr 6/631-634. (6) al-Durr 6/631-634. (7) al-Durr 6/631-634.

العربية (المصدر)

١٧٧٢٨ - حدثنا أبي حدثنا منصور بن أبي مزاحم، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ أَبِي الْوَضَّاحِ يَعْنِي مُحَمَّدَ بْنَ مُسْلِمٍ، عَنْ هِشَامِ بْنِ عُرْوَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ عَائِشَةَ قَالَتْ: الَّتِي وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَوْلَةُ بِنْتُ حَكِيمٍ «١» .

١٧٧٢٩ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ حَدَّثَنِي مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ الْجُعْفِيُّ، ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ بُكَيْرٍ، عَنْ، عَنْبَسَةَ بْنِ الْأَزَهَرِ، عَنْ سِمَاكٍ، عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ، عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمْ يَكُنْ، عِنْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ امْرَأَةً وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لَهُ «٢» .

١٧٧٣٠ - عَنِ الزُّهْرِيِّ وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ النَّخَعِيِّ رضي الله، عنهما في قوله: خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُوْنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالا: لَا تَحِلُّ الْهِبَةُ لِأَحَدٍ بَعْدَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «٣» .

١٧٧٣١ - عَنْ عُرْوَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ، عَنْهُ قَالَ: كُنَّا نَتَحَدَّثُ أَنَّ أُمَّ شَرِيكٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ، عَنْهَا كَانَتْ مِمَّنْ وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةً صَالِحَةً «٤» .

١٧٧٣٢ - عَنْ عِكْرِمَةَ رَضِيَ اللهُ، عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُوْنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ قَالَ: لَا تَحِلُّ الْمَوْهُوبَةُ لِغَيْرِكَ: وَلَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِرَجُلٍ لَمْ تَحِلَّ لَهُ حَتَّى يُعْطِيَهَا شَيْئًا.

١٧٧٣٣ - عَنْ قَتَادَة رَضِيَ اللهُ، عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: خَالِصَةً لَكَ مِنْ دُوْنِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَقُولُ: لَيْسَ لِامْرَأَةٍ أَنْ تَهِبَ نَفْسُهَا لِرَجُلٍ بِغَيْرِ وَلِيٍّ، وَلا مَهْرٍ إِلا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَتْ خَالِصَةً لَهُ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ مِنْ دَوْنِ النَّاسِ، يَزْعُمُونَ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي مَيْمُونَةَ بِنْتِ الْحَارِثِ. هِيَ الَّتِي وَهَبَتْ نَفْسَهَا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ «٥» .

قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ

١٧٧٣٤ - عَنْ قَتَادَة رَضِيَ اللهُ، عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: قد عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ قَالَ:

فَرَضَ اللَّهُ أَنْ لَا تُنْكَحَ امْرَأَةٌ إِلا بِوَلِيٍّ وَصَدَاقٍ وَشُهَدَاءَ، وَلا يَنْكِحُ الرَّجُلُ إِلا أَرْبَعًا «٦» .

١٧٧٣٥ - عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ رَضِيَ اللهُ، عَنْهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ: قَدْ عَلِمْنَا مَا فَرَضْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ فِي أَزْوَاجِهِمْ قَالَ: لا يجاوز الرجل أربع نسوة «٧» .