Bukayr ibn Ma'ruf, from Muqatil ibn Hayyan, regarding His saying: "And let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein," he said: He commanded the priests and the monks to judge by what Allah revealed in the Torah before He revealed the Gospel. So those who disbelieved among the people of the Torah and the Gospel disbelieved, and they belied Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) by their saying that Ezra is the son of Allah, that the Messiah, son of Mary, is the son of Allah, that Allah is the third of three, that Jesus is Allah, that the hand of Allah is chained, and that Allah is poor while they are rich. If they had judged by [the laws of] stoning, retaliation, and wounds, they would have still been disbelievers in Allah because of their belying of Muhammad (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) and their speaking lies and slander against Allah.

His saying, the Exalted: "...by what Allah has revealed"

[6459] And through the same chain from Muqatil ibn Hayyan, regarding His saying: "And let the people of the Gospel judge by what Allah has revealed therein," he said: In the Gospel.

His saying, the Exalted: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed"

[The first view]

[6460] Abu Yazid al-Qaratisi informed us in what he wrote to me, Asbagh ibn al-Faraj narrated to us, he said: I heard 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd ibn Aslam saying regarding His saying: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed"—he said: This is the judgment for His Book. He said: And whoever also does not judge according to that among the people of the Gospel, then they are the defiantly disobedient.

[6461] Abu Sa'id al-Ashajj narrated to us, Abu Mu'awiyah narrated to us, from al-A'mash, from 'Abd Allah ibn Murrah, from al-Bara', he said: So Allah revealed: "...then they are the defiantly disobedient," regarding all the disbelievers.

[The second view]

[6462] My father narrated to us, Abu Ziyad al-Qattan narrated to us, 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Mahdi narrated to us, Khubayb ibn Sulaym narrated to us, he said: I heard al-Hasan saying: It was revealed regarding the People of the Book because they abandoned all of Allah's rulings in this verse: "And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed, then they are the defiantly disobedient."

[The third view]

[6463] al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq informed us, al-Thawri narrated to us, from Zakariyya, from