10086 - My father told us, Musa ibn Isma'il told us, Mubarak told us, saying: I heard al-Hasan say: When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) went on the expedition to Tabuk, Ka'b ibn Malik, Hilal ibn Umayyah, and Rabi' ibn Murarah—or Murarah ibn al-Rabi'—stayed behind. He said: As for one of them, he had an orchard that had blossomed, and its redness and yellowness had spread. He said: I have gone on expeditions with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so if I stay this year in this orchard, I will benefit from it. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions departed, he entered his orchard and said: Nothing held me back from the Messenger of Allah, and the believers did not hasten to Jihad in the path of Allah, except for attachment to you, O orchard! O Allah, I call You to witness that I have given it as charity in Your path.
As for another, people from his family had dispersed from him, and they had [just] gathered for him. He said: I have gone on expeditions with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), so if I stay this year with my family... When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and his companions departed, he said: Nothing held me back from the Messenger of Allah, and the believers did not hasten to it in Jihad in the path of Allah, except for attachment to you, O family! O Allah, You have a right over me that I shall not return to my family and wealth until I know what You decree regarding me. As for the third, he said: O Allah, You have a right over me that my soul shall be cut off or I shall catch up with the people. So Allah the Almighty revealed: "Allah has forgiven the Prophet, the Emigrants, and the Helpers" until His saying: "And [He has also forgiven] the three who were left behind." Al-Hasan said: Glory be to Allah! [The verse continues] "until the earth, despite its vastness, became constricted for them..." Al-Hasan said: Glory be to Allah! By Allah, they did not consume illicit wealth, nor did they shed unlawful blood, nor did they cause corruption on earth, except that they were slow in that expedition away from the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), and it reached them what you hear.
10078 - Ali ibn al-Husayn told us, Abu al-Jamahir told us, Sa'id told us, from Qatadah regarding "And [He has also forgiven] the three who were left behind," meaning: [left behind] from the repentance. "Until the earth, despite its vastness, became constricted for them, and their souls became constricted for them." Qatadah said: It was Ka'b ibn Malik, Hilal ibn Umayyah, and Murarah ibn Rabi'ah, a group from the Ansar. Qatadah said: By Allah, they did not shed blood, nor did they consume wealth, nor did they deny any truth. However, they stayed behind from the expedition of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) to Tabuk. They repented the best of repentance and showed the best of remorse. As for one of them, he tied himself to a pillar and said:
(1). Ibn Kathir, 4/164.
١٠٠٨٦ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ حَدَّثَنَا مُبَارَكٌ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ الْحَسَنَ قَالَ: لَمَّا غَزَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ تَبُوكَ تَخَلَّفَ كَعْبُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ وَهِلالُ بْنُ أُمَيَّةَ، وَرَبِيعُ بْنُ مُرَارَةَ أَوْ مُرَارَةُ بْنُ الرَّبِيعِ قَالَ: أَمَّا أَحَدُهُمْ فَكَانَ لَهُ حَائِطٌ حِينَ زَهَا قَدْ فَشَتْ فِيهِ الْحُمْرَةُ وَالصُّفْرَةُ قَالَ: قَدْ غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَلَوْ أَقَمْتُ عَامِي هَذَا فِي هَذَا الْحَائِطِ فَأَصَبْتُ مِنْهُ فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ دَخَلَ حَائِطَهُ فَقَالَ: مَا خَلَّفَنِي عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ وَمَا اسْتَبَقَ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ مِنَ الْجِهَادِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِلا ضَنٌّ بِكَ أَيُّهَا الْحَائِطُ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنِّي قَدْ تَصَدَّقْتُ بِهِ فِي سَبِيلِكَ.
وَأَمَّا الآخَرُ: فَكَانَ قَدْ تَفَرَّقَ عَنْهُ مِنْ أَهْلِهِ نَاسٌ، وَاجْتَمَعُوا لَهُ فَقَالَ: قَدْ غَزَوْتُ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَغَزَوْتُ، فَلَوْ أَنِّي أَقَمْتُ الْعَامَ فِي أَهْلِي فَلَمَّا خَرَجَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَأَصْحَابُهُ، قَالَ: مَا خَلَّفَنِي عَنْ رسول الله، وَمَا اسْتَبَقَ إِلَيْهِ الْمُؤْمِنُونَ فِي الْجِهَادِ فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ إِلا ضَنٌّ بِكُمْ أَيُّهَا الأَهْلُ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ لَكَ عَلَيَّ أَلا أَرْجِعَ إِلَى أَهْلِي وَمَالِي حَتَّى أَعْلَمُ مَا تَقْضِي فِيَّ، وَأَمَّا الآخَرُ فَقَالَ: اللَّهُمَّ إِنَّ لَكَ عَلَيَّ أَنْ تَقْطَعَ نَفْسِي أَوْ أَلْحَقَ بِالْقَوْمِ. فَأَنْزَلَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى: لَقَدْ تَابَ اللَّهُ عَلَى النَّبِيِّ وَالْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالأَنْصَارِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ: وَعَلَى الثَّلاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا قَالَ الْحَسَنُ يَا سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ! حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتِ عَلَيْهِمُ الأَرْضُ بِمَا رَحُبَتْ الآيَةَ، قَالَ الْحَسَنُ: يَا سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ! وَاللَّهِ مَا أَكَلُوا مَالا حَرَامًا، وَلا أَصَابُوا دَمًا حَرَامًا، وَلا أَفْسَدُوا فِي الأَرْضِ، غَيْرَ أَنَّهُمْ قَدْ أَبْطَئُوا فِي تِلْكَ الْغَزَاةِ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَبَلَغَ مِنْهُمْ مَا تَسْمَعُونَ «١» .
١٠٠٧٨ - حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ الْحُسَيْنِ ثنا أَبُو الْجُمَاهِرِ ثنا سَعِيدٌ عَنْ قَتَادَةَ وَعَلَى الثَّلاثَةِ الَّذِينَ خُلِّفُوا أَيْ: عَنِ التَّوْبَةِ حَتَّى إِذَا ضَاقَتْ عَلَيْهِمُ الأرض بما رحبت وضاقت عليهم أنفسهم عن قتادة: إنه كَعْبَ بْنَ مَالِكٍ وَهِلالَ بْنَ أُمَيَّةَ، وَمَرَارَةَ بْنَ رَبِيعَةَ، نَفَرٌ مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ، قَالَ قَتَادَةُ: وَاللَّهِ مَا سَفَكُوا دَمًا، وَلا أَكَلُوا مَالًا، وَلا أَنْكَرُوا مَعْرِفَةً، وَلَكِنَّهُمْ تَخَلَّفُوا عَنْ غَزْوَةِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- بِتَبُوكَ، فَتَابُوا أَحْسَنَ التَّوْبَةِ، وَفَزِعُوا أَحْسَنَ الْفَزَعِ، أَمَّا أحدهم فأوثق نفسه إلى سارية فقال:
(١) . ابن كثير ٤/ ١٦٤.
