His saying, Exalted is He: "And those who hoard gold and silver."
[The first interpretation]
10080 - My father narrated to us, Humayd ibn Malik narrated to us, Yahya ibn Ya'la al-Muharibi narrated to us, my father narrated to us, Ghaylan ibn Jami' al-Muharibi narrated to us from 'Uthman ibn al-Yaqzan from Ja'far ibn Iyas from Mujahid from Ibn 'Abbas who said: When this verse was revealed, "And those who hoard gold and silver," it weighed heavily upon the Muslims. They said: "None of us is able to leave for his children what will remain after him." So 'Umar said: "I will relieve you." 'Umar went, and Thawban followed him, and he came to the Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—and said: "O Prophet of Allah, this verse has weighed heavily upon your companions." The Prophet of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said: "Indeed, Allah did not make Zakat (obligatory charity) mandatory except to purify what remains of your wealth, and He only ordained inheritance for the wealth that remains after you." He said: 'Umar said "Allahu Akbar" (Allah is the Greatest). Then the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—said to him: "Shall I not inform you of the best thing a person can hoard? It is a righteous wife, who, when he looks at her, pleases him, and when he commands her, she obeys him, and when he is away from her, she guards him."
10081 - Abu Sa'id al-Ashaj narrated to us, Waki' narrated to us from 'Abd al-'Aziz from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar who said: "Whatever its Zakat has been paid is not a hoard, even if it is under the seven earths, and whatever its Zakat has not been paid is a hoard, even if it is apparent." It is also narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that he said: "Whatever its Zakat has been paid is not a hoard."
[The second interpretation]
10082 - al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq reported to us, al-Thawri reported to us, Abu Husayn informed me from Abu al-Duha from Ja'dah ibn Hubayrah from 'Ali regarding His saying: "And those who hoard gold and silver," he said: "Four thousand and less is considered personal sustenance, and anything above that is a hoard."
[The third interpretation]
10083 - al-Hasan ibn Abi al-Rabi' narrated to us, 'Abd al-Razzaq reported to us, from al-Thawri from Mansur from 'Amr ibn Murrah from Salim ibn Abi al-Ja'd who said: When, "And those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the path of Allah" was revealed, the Muhajirun (Emigrants) said: "So what wealth should we possess?" 'Umar said: "I will ask the Prophet—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—about it." He said: "So I caught up with him on my camel and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, the Muhajirun said: What wealth should we possess?' The Messenger of Allah—may Allah bless him and grant him peace—replied: 'A tongue that remembers, a heart that is grateful, and a believing wife who helps one of you with his religion.'"
(1) al-Tafsir 1/246.
قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى: وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ.
[الْوَجْهُ الأول]
١٠٠٨٠ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي ثنا حُمَيْدُ بْنُ مَالِكٍ ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ يَعْلَى الْمُحَارِبِيُّ ثنا أَبِي ثنا غَيْلانُ بْنُ جَامِعٍ الْمُحَارِبِيُّ عَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ الْيَقْظَانِ عَنْ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ إِيَاسٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ كَبُرَ ذَلِكَ عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِينَ، قَالُوا: مَا يَسْتَطِيعُ أَحَدٌ مِنَّا لولده ما لا يَبْقَى بَعْدَهُ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ: أَنَا أُفَرِّجُ عَنْكُمْ فَانْطَلَقَ عُمَرُ، وَاتَّبَعَهُ ثَوْبَانَ، فَأَتَى رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَقَالَ: يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ، إِنَّهُ قَدْ كَبُرَ عَلَى أَصْحَابِكَ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ فَقَالَ نَبِيُّ اللَّهِ: - صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- «إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَمْ يَفْرِضِ الزَّكَاةَ إِلا لِيُطَيِّبَ بِهَا مَا بَقِيَ مِنْ أَمْوَالِكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا فَرَضَ الْمَوَارِيثَ فِي أَمْوَالٍ تَبْقَى بَعْدَكُمْ» . قَالَ: فَكَبَّرَ عُمَرُ ثُمَّ قَالَ لَهُ النَّبِيُّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: «أَلا أُخْبِرُكَ بِخَيْرِ مَا يَكْنِزُهُ الْمَرْءُ؟. الْمَرْأَةُ الصَّالِحَةُ الَّتِي إِذَا نَظَرَ إِلَيْهَا سَرَّتْهُ، وَإِذَا أَمَرَهَا أَطَاعَتْهُ، وَإِذَا غَابَ عَنْهَا حَفِظَتْهُ» .
١٠٠٨١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو سَعِيدٍ الأَشَجُّ ثنا وَكِيعٌ عَنْ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ عَنْ نَافِعٍ عَنِ ابن عمير قَالَ: مَا أُدِيَ زَكَاتُهُ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ، وَإِنْ كَانَ تَحْتَ سَبْعِ أَرَضِينَ وَمَا لَمْ تُؤَدَّ زَكَاتُهُ فَهُوَ كَنْزٌ وَإِنْ كَانَ ظَاهِرًا
، وَرُوِيَ عَنْ ابنَ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ: مَا أُدِّيَ زَكَاتُهُ فَلَيْسَ بِكَنْزٍ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّانِي:
١٠٠٨٢ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ، أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ أَنْبَأَ الثَّوْرِيُّ أَخْبَرَنِي أَبُو حُصَيْنٍ عَنْ أَبِي الضُّحَى عَنْ جَعْدَةَ بْنِ هُبَيْرَةَ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ فِي قَوْلِهِ: وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ. قَالَ: أَرْبَعَةُ آلافٍ فَمَا دُونَهَا نَفَقَةٌ وَمَا فَوْقَهَا كَنْزٌ.
وَالْوَجْهُ الثَّالِثُ:
١٠٠٨٣ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ أَبِي الرَّبِيعِ أَنْبَأَ عَبْدُ الرَّزَّاقِ «١» عَنِ الثَّوْرِيِّ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ عَمْرِو بْنِ مُرَّةَ عَنْ سَالِمِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجَعْدِ قَالَ: لَمَّا نَزَلَتْ وَالَّذِينَ يَكْنِزُونَ الذَّهَبَ وَالْفِضَّةَ وَلا يُنْفِقُونَهَا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ قَالَ الْمُهَاجِرُونَ: فَأَيُّ الْمَالِ نَتَّخِذُ؟ فَقَالَ عُمَرُ:
أَسْأَلُ النَّبِيَّ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ- عَنْهُ قَالَ: فَأَدْرَكْتُهُ عَلَى بَعِيرِي، فَقُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، إِنَّ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ قَالُوا: أَيُّ الْمَالِ نَتَّخِذُ؟ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ- صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ-: «لِسَانًا ذَاكِرًا وَقَلْبًا شَاكِرًا وَزَوْجَةً مُؤْمِنَةً تُعِينُ أحدكم على دينه» .
(١) . التفسير ١/ ٢٤٦.
