14920 - Abu Yazid al-Qaratisi informed us in what he wrote to me, Asbagh reported to us, he said: I heard 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Zayd regarding the saying of Allah: "And when they are with him upon a matter of common interest, they do not go away until they ask his permission," he said: The matter of common interest is when they are with him in a collective military engagement or Friday prayer. He said: Friday is from the matters of common interest; it is not appropriate for anyone to leave when the Imam sits upon the pulpit on Friday except with the permission of the ruler if it is at a time when the Imam sees him or can reach him. He should not leave except with his permission. But if it is at a time when [the Imam] does not see him, cannot reach him, and cannot access him, then Allah is more deserving of offering an excuse.
His saying, the Almighty: "Indeed, those who ask your permission"
14921 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya ibn 'Abd Allah reported to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding His saying: "Those," meaning those who did what was mentioned in this verse, and regarding His saying: "[they] believe in Allah and His Messenger," meaning they attest to the Oneness of Allah.
His saying, the Almighty: "So if they ask your permission for some affair of theirs, then give permission to whom you wish among them"
14922 - Al-Hasan ibn Muhammad ibn al-Sabbah narrated to us, Hajjaj ibn Muhammad reported to us, Ibn Jurayj and 'Uthman ibn 'Ata' reported to us, from 'Ata', from 'Abd Allah ibn 'Abbas: "Do not ask permission of the ones who believe in Allah and the Last Day..." up to his saying "they turn back." Then this verse in Surat al-Nur abrogated it: "So if they ask your permission for some affair of theirs, then give permission to whom you wish among them." Thus, the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) placed them at the highest of the two options: whoever went on a military expedition went for a virtue, and whoever stayed behind, stayed behind without blame, if Allah wills.
His saying, the Almighty: "And ask forgiveness for them of Allah. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving, Merciful"
14923 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Yahya reported to us, Ibn Lahi'ah narrated to me, 'Ata' ibn Dinar narrated to me from Sa'id ibn Jubayr regarding the saying of Allah: "Indeed, Allah is Forgiving" of what had occurred from them, "Merciful" to them after repentance.
His saying, the Almighty: "Do not make [your] calling of the Messenger"
[The First Aspect]
14924 - Abu Zur'ah narrated to us, Minjab ibn al-Harith reported to us, Bishr ibn 'Umarah reported to us from Abu Rawq, from al-Dahhak, from Ibn 'Abbas regarding His saying: "Do not make your calling of the Messenger among yourselves like the calling of one of you to another."
١٤٩٢٠ - أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو يَزِيدَ الْقَرَاطِيسِيُّ فِيمَا كَتَبَ إِلَيَّ، أَنْبَأَ أَصْبَغُ قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ زَيْدٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: وَإِذَا كَانُوا مَعَهُ عَلَى أَمْرٍ جَامِعٍ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا حَتَّى يَسْتَأْذِنُوهُ قَالَ: الأَمْرُ الْجَامِعُ حِينَ يَكُونُونَ مَعَهُ فِي جَمَاعَةِ الْحَرْبِ أَوْ جُمُعَةٍ، قَالَ:
وَالْجُمُعَةُ مِنَ الأَمْرِ الْجَامِعِ، لَا يَنْبَغِي لأَحَدٍ أَنْ يَخْرُجَ إِذَا قَعَدَ الإِمَامُ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ إِلا بِإِذْنِ السُّلْطَانِ إِذَا كَانَ حِينَ يَرَاهُ الإِمَامُ أَوْ يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ، وَلا يَخْرُجُ إِلا بِإِذْنِهِ، فَإِذَا كَانَ حِينَ لَا يَرَاهُ وَلا يَقْدِرُ عَلَيْهِ وَلا يَصِلُ إِلَيْهِ فَاللَّهُ أَوْلَى بِالْعُذْرِ.
قوله تعالى: إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَسْتَأْذِنُونَكَ
١٤٩٢١ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى بْنُ عَبْدِ الله، حدثني ابن لهيعة عَطَاءُ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فِي قَوْلِهِ: أُولَئِكَ يَعْنِى الَّذِينَ فَعَلُوا مَا ذُكِرَ فِي هَذِهِ الآيَةِ وَفِي قَوْلِهِ: يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ يَعْنِى يُصَدِّقُونَ بِتَوْحِيدِ اللَّهِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ
١٤٩٢٢ - حَدَّثَنَا الْحَسَنُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الصَّبَّاحِ، ثنا حَجَّاجُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، أَنْبَأَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ وَعُثْمَانُ بْنُ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَطَاءٍ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ عَبَّاسٍ لَا يَسْتَأْذِنُكَ الَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الآخِرِ إِلَى قَوْلِهِ يَتَرَدَّدُونَ فَنَسَخَتْهَا هَذِهِ الآيَةُ الَّتِي فِي سُورَةِ النُّورِ فَإِذَا اسْتَأْذَنُوكَ لِبَعْضِ شَأْنِهِمْ فَأْذَنْ لِمَنْ شِئْتَ مِنْهُمْ فَجَعَلَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِأَعْلَى النظرين، من غزا عزا فِي فَضِيلَةٍ، وَمَنْ قَعَدَ قَعَدَ فِي غَيْرِ حَرَجٍ إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: وَاسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمُ اللَّهَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ
١٤٩٢٣ - حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو زُرْعَةَ، ثنا يَحْيَى، حَدَّثَنِي ابْنُ لَهِيعَةَ، حَدَّثَنِي عَطَاءٌ بْنُ دِينَارٍ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ فِي قَوْلِ اللَّهِ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ لِمَا كَانَ مِنْهُمْ رَحِيمٌ بِهِمْ بَعْدَ التَّوْبَةِ.
قَوْلُهُ تَعَالَى: لَا تَجْعَلُوا دعاء الرسول
[الوجه الأول]
